TUGAS 2 BAHASA INGGRIS BISNIS 2 PART.2

Pronouns and determiners

Pronouns and determiners are closely related, and some linguists think pronouns are actually determiners without a noun or a noun phrase. The following chart shows their relationships in English.

	Pronoun	Determiner
Personal (1st/2nd)	we	we Scotsmen
Possessive	ours	our freedom
Demonstrative	this	this gentleman
Indefinite	some	some frogs
Interrogative	who	which option

Examples:

• "She got her looks from her father. He's a plastic surgeon."
  (Groucho Marx)


• Chalmers: Well, Seymour, it seems we've put together a baseball team and I was wondering, who's on first, eh?
  Skinner : Not the pronoun, but rather a player with the unlikely name of "Who" is on first.
  Chalmers : Well that's just great, Seymour. We've been out here six seconds and you've already managed to blow the routine.
  ("Screaming Yellow Honkers," The Simpsons, 1999)


• "We rolled all over the floor, in each other's arms, like two huge helpless children. He was naked and goatish under his robe, and I felt suffocated as he rolled over him. We rolled over me. They rolled over him. We rolled over us."
  (Vladimir Nabokov, Lolita)


• "I used to be with it, but then they changed what 'it' was. Now, what I'm with isn't it, and what's 'it' seems weird and scary to me."
  (Abe in "Homerpalooza," The Simpsons)


• "Why shouldn't things be largely absurd, futile, and transitory? They are so, and we are so, and they and we go very well together."
  (George Santayana)


• "I am he as you are he as you are me and we are all together."
  (John Lennon and Paul McCartney, "I Am the Walrus")

Sumber : wikipedia & grammar 

Adjective Clause 

In linguistics, a dependent clause (sometimes called a subordinate clause) is a clause that augments an independent clause with additional information, but which cannot stand alone as a sentence. Dependent clauses modify the independent clause of a sentence or serve as a component of it. Some grammarians use the term subordinate clause as a synonym for dependent clause, but in some grammars subordinate clause refers only to adverbial dependent clauses.There are also different types of dependent clauses like noun clauses, relative (adjectival) clauses, and adverbial clauses.

Dependent words

In Indo-European languages, a dependent clause usually begins with a dependent word. One kind of dependent word is a subordinating conjunction. Subordinating conjunctions are used to begin dependent clauses known as adverbial clauses, which act like adverbs. In the following examples, the adverbial clauses are bold and the subordinating conjunctions are italicized:

• Wherever she goes, she leaves a piece of luggage behind.

(The adverbial clause wherever she goes modifies the verb leaves.)

• Bob enjoyed the movie more than I did.

(The adverbial clause than I did modifies the adverb more.)

A subordinating conjunction can also introduce a noun clause:

• I know that he likes me.

(The noun clause that he likes me serves as the object of the main-clause verb know.)

Another type of dependent word is the relative pronoun. Relative pronouns begin dependent clauses known as relative clauses; these are adjective clauses, because they modify nouns. In the following example, the relative clause is bold and the relative pronoun is italicized:

• The only one of the seven dwarfs who does not have a beard is Dopey.

(The adjective clause who does not have a beard describes the pronoun one.)

A relative adverb plays the role of an adverb in a relative clause, as in

• That is the reason why I came.

(The relative clause why I came describes the noun reason, and within the relative clause the adverb why modifies the verb came.)

• That is the place where he lives.

(The relative clause where he lives describes the noun place, and within the relative clause the adverb where modifies the verb lives.)

An interrogative word can serve as an adverb in a noun clause, as in

• No one understands why you need experience.

(The noun clause why you need experience functions as the direct object of the main-clause verb "understands", and within the noun clause why serves as an adverb modifying need.)

Noun clause

A noun clause can be used like a noun. It can be a subject, predicate nominative, direct object, appositive, indirect object, or object of the preposition. Some of the English words that introduce noun clauses are that, whether, who, why, whom, what, how, when, whoever, where, and whomever. Notice that some of these words also introduce adjective and adverbial clauses. A clause is a noun clause if a pronoun (he, she, it, or they) could be substituted for it.

Examples:

• I know who said that. (I know it.) (The dependent clause serves as the object of the main-clause verb "know".)
• Whoever made that assertion is wrong. (He/she is wrong.) (The dependent clause serves as the subject of the main clause.)

Sometimes in English a noun clause is used without the introductory word.

Example:

• I know that he is here.
• I know he is here. (without "that")

In some cases, use of the introductory word, though grammatically correct, may sound cumbersome in English, and the introductory word may be omitted.

Example:

• I think that it is pretty. (less common)
• I think it is pretty. (more common)

Relative (adjectival) clause